In a rare case of a cultural heritage claim arising from the sale of American artifacts abroad, the Hopi Indians of Arizona have asked federal officials to help stop a high-price auction of 70 sacred masks in Paris next week.<\/p>\n
The tribe is receiving advice from the State and Interior Departments, but each agency says its ability to intervene is limited.<\/p>\n
In many ways, the Hopi case illustrates a paradox in the way artifacts are repatriated around the world.<\/p>\n
While foreign nations routinely rely on international accords to secure American help in retrieving antiquities from the United States, Washington has no reciprocal agreements governing American artifacts abroad. And the United States laws that provide some protection against the illicit sale of Indian artifacts in this country have no weight in foreign lands. So tribes reaching overseas to recover objects that they view as culturally important are left to do battle on their own.<\/p>\n
\u201cRight now there just aren\u2019t any prohibitions against this kind of large foreign sale,\u201d said Jack F. Trope, executive director of the Association on American Indian Affairs, which is seeking new laws and treaties that would give the United States more force to intervene. \u201cThe leverage for international repatriation just isn\u2019t there.\u201d<\/p>\n
The Hopis, who number about 18,000 in northeast Arizona, regard the objects in the Paris sale, which they call Katsinam, or \u201cfriends,\u201d as imbued with divine spirits. They object to calling them \u201cmasks\u201d and say that outsiders who photograph, collect or sell them are committing sacrilege. The brightly colored visages and headdresses, often adorned with horsehair, sheepskin, feathers and maize, are thought to embody the spirits of warriors, animals, messengers, fire, rain and clouds, among other things. They are used today, as in the past, in many Hopi rites, like coming-of-age ceremonies and harvest rituals. <\/p>\n